Race was coded as White, Black, or other/unknown. During the admission process, a patient’s race was either self-reported or determined by administrative staff. The database also includes a measure of hospital volume, the number of beds per site. We identified our study cohort from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council PHC4 Database, which includes demographic data for all patients discharged from nongovernmental (i.e., non-Veterans Administration) acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania.
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Black patients who had pulmonary embolism had significantly higher odds of 30-day mortality compared with White patients. Neither insurance status nor hospital volume was a significant predictor of 30-day mortality.Ĭonclusion. When adjusted for severity of disease using a validated clinical prognostic model for pulmonary embolism, Black patients had 30% higher odds of 30-day mortality compared with White patients at the same site (adjusted odds ratio = 1.3 95% confidence interval, 1.1,1.6).
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The unadjusted 30-day mortality rates were 9.0% for White patients, 10.3% for Blacks, and 10.9% for patients of other or unknown race. We used random-effects logistic regression to model 30-day mortality for Black and White patients, and adjusted for patient demographic and clinical characteristics.
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The study cohort consisted of 15531 discharged patients who had been treated for pulmonary embolism at 186 Pennsylvania hospitals between January 2000 and November 2002. We used a large statewide database to compare 30-day mortality (defined as death within 30 days from the date of latest hospital admission) for Black and White patients who were hospitalized because of pulmonary embolism. Previous studies reported a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality for Black patients who had pulmonary embolism than for White patients.